Shade

From Old English sceadu.

Full definition of shade

(countable and uncountable; plural shades)

(uncountable) Darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked.
The old oak tree gave shade in the heat of the day.

1898, Winston Churchill, The Celebrity Chapter 8, Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet:....

(countable) Something that blocks light, particularly in a window.
Close the shade, please: it's too bright in here.
(countable) A variety of a colour/color, in particular one obtained by adding black (compare tint).
I've painted my room in five lovely shades of pink and chartreuse.

John Locke (1632-1705)Thus light and colours, as white, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees or shades, and mixtures, as green, scarlet, purple, sea-green, and the rest, come in only by the eyes...

Thomas De Quincey (1785-1859)new shades and combinations of thought
Thomas Macaulay (1800-1859)Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own headquarters.

(figuratively) An aspect that is reminiscent of something.
shades of Groucho
(archaic or literary) A ghost.
Too long have I been haunted by that shade.

John Dryden (1631-1700)Swift as thought the flitting shade
Thro' air his momentary journey made.

(archaic) A creature that is partially human and partially angel.
He was attacked by a shade.
(countable) A postage stamp showing an obvious difference in colour/color to the original printing and needing a separate catalogue/catalog entry.
(uncountable, gay slang) Subtle insults.
throw shade

From Old English sceadwian.

(transitive) To shield from light.The old oak tree shaded the lawn in the heat of the day.
(transitive) To alter slightly.You'll need to shade your shot slightly to the left.Most politicians will shade the truth if it helps them.
(intransitive) To vary slightly, particularly in color.The hillside was bright green, shading towards gold in the drier areas.
(intransitive, baseball, of a defensive player) To move slightly from one's normal fielding position.Jones will shade a little to the right on this pitch count.
(transitive) To darken, particularly in drawing.I draw contours first, gradually shading in midtones and shadows.
(transitive, obsolete) To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

(transitive, obsolete) To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent.

Spensergoddess in her person cunningly did shade
That part of Justice which is Equity.